This page contains information on reference list entries according to APA 7th edition using the Concise Guide to APA Style: The Official APA Style for Students. If you do NOT see an example for the type of reference you are using, check with one of the other resources listed or consult a librarian.
(See Chapters 9 and 10 of the Concise Guide to APA Style)
Journal articles | Books & eBooks | Magazine articles | Videos | Newspaper articles | Government reports | Webpages & websites | Speeches | Images
Order: Entries should be in alphabetical order by the last name of the first author listed on the source.
Author name: Put the author's last name, a comma, and then the author's initials. Always use a comma to separate author's initials from additional author names.
Multiple authors: Spell out the names of up to 20 authors in the reference list. For the last author listed, put an ampersand (&) after the comma and before the final author's name.
Sentence case: Remember to use for the names of articles, books, reports, and websites.
DOI: Stands for "Digital Object Identifier" and is a unique identifier for journal articles. You should ALWAYS include the DOI as a hyperlink as part of a citation if the article has one (not all articles do). If an article does not have a DOI, end the citation at the page number range of the article.
URL: Include the URL from website sources. APA recommends NOT including the URL as part of the citation for articles and other works from academic databases (use the DOI instead).
Images: Images and other visual works should be cited as any other type of work. If you provide an image of the text in your paper, it is generally accompanied by a caption. Check with your instructor to see if this is necessary.
Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year of Publication). Title of article: Subtitle if
any. Name of Journal, Volume Number(Issue Number), first page number-last page number of article.
DOI as a hyperlink
Potter, C.A. (2017). Father involvement in the care, play and education of children with autism. Journal of
Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 42(4), 375-384. https:doi.org/10.3109/13668250.2016.1245851
Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given., & Last Name of Second Author, First Initial. Second
Initial if Given. (Year of Publication). Title of article: Subtitle if any. Name of Journal, Volume
Number(Issue Number), first page number-last page number. DOI formatted as a hyperlink
Amorisco, N.C., Evans, N.W., & Van de Ven, G. (2014). The remnant of a merger between two dwarf galaxies in
Andromeda II. Nature, 507(749), 335-337. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12995
Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year of Publication). Title of article: Subtitle if
any. Name of Journal, Volume Number(Issue Number), first page number-last page number of article.
Anarde, S. (2019). Home sweet home: Aging in place in rural America Generations, 43(2), 17-23.
Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year of Publication). Title of article: Subtitle if any.
Name of Journal, Volume Number(Issue Number), first page number-last page number of article.
Melrose, S. (2019). Late life depression: Nursing actions that can help. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 55(3),
453-458.
Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year of Publication). Title of book: Subtitle if
given (edition if given and is not first edition). Publisher Name (can be shortened).
Glendenning, D.K. (2007). Our place in the universe. Imperial College.
Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year of Publication). Title of book: Subtitle if
given (edition if given and is not first edition). Publisher Name (can be shortened).
Katznelson, I. (2013). Fear itself: The New Deal and the origins of our time. Liverlight Publishing.
Last Name of First Author, First Initial. Second Initial if Given, & Last Name of Second Author, First Initial.
Second Initial if Given. (Year of Publication). Title of book: Subtitle if given (edition if given and is not
first edition). Publisher Name (can be shortened).
Cassell, K.A., & Hiremath, U. (2013). Reference and information services:
An introduction (3rd ed.). Neal-Schuman.
Name of group or organization author. (Year of Publication). Title of book: Subtitle if given (edition if given and
is not first edition). Publisher Name (can be shortened or omitted if if the group is also the publisher).
American Heart Association. (2011). No fad diet: A personal plan for healthy weight loss (2nd ed.). Clarkson
Potter.
Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year of Publication). Title of chapter, article, essay or
short story. In Editor's First Initial. Second Initial if Given. Editor's Last Name (Ed. or Eds.), Title of book (edition
if given and is not first edition, pp. first page number-last page number). Publisher Name (can be
shortened).
McMasters, P.K. (2008). Video game violence does not contribute to bullying. In R. Rosenthal (Ed.),
Introducing issues with opposing viewpoints: Bullying (pp. 29-33). Greenhaven Press.
Editor's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Ed or Eds.). (Year of Publication). Title of book:
Subtitle if given (edition if given and is not first edition). Publisher Name (can be shortened).
Hawkins, D.F. (Ed.). (2003). Violent crime: Assessing race & ethnic differences. Cambridge University Press.
Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year of Publication, Month Day). Title of article:
Subtitle if any. Name of Magazine, Volume Number(Issue Number), first page number-last page
number.
Birrell, A. (2018, August 10). Reduce airborne hazards while welding. Industrial Safety & Hygiene News, 52(8),
14-15.
Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year of Publication, Month Day). Title of article:
Subtitle if any. Name of Magazine, Volume Number (Issue Number if given), first page number-last
page number (if given). URL
Seabrook, J. (2020, June 22). The promise and the peril of virtual healthcare. The New Yorker.
https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2020/06/29/the-promise-and-the-peril-of-virtual-health-care
Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial. of person who posted the video if known. [User name that posted
the video]. (Year video was posted, Month Day). Title of video [Video]. Name of Website. URL
Martin, T.M. [MartinT]. (2019, August 22). Martin's 85 rules of grammar mastery [Video].
YouTube. https://youtu.be/n1_sr89jEFTD
Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial. of speaker if known. (Year video was posted, Month Day). Title of
video [Video]. Name of Website (TED Conferences). URL
Smoot, G. (2008, May 12). The design of the universe [Video]. Ted Conferences. https://www.ted.com/talks
Production Company/Producer that created content or film Director's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial. if
known (Director). (Year film/video was created, Month Day if known). Title of work [Video file]. Name of
library database.
BBC World Wide Learning. (2009). The truth about violence [Video file]. Films on Demand.
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Date). Title of article: Subtitle. Title of Newspaper, SectionPage.
Rossman, J. (2018, September 9). Are you ready for 5G? The moto Z3 will be. Dallas Morning News, B5.
Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year of Publication, Month Day if Given). Title of
article: Subtitle if any. Name of Newspaper. URL
Wehner, M. (2020, June 22). This startup will send you to space in a balloon for $125,000. New York
Post. https://nypost.com/2020/06/22/this-startup-will-send-you-to-space-in-a-balloon-for-125000/
Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year of Publication, Month Day if Given). Title of
article: Subtitle if any. Name of News Website. URL
La Monica, P.R. (2020, June 22). Virgin Galactic will help train astronauts for NASA. CNN. https://www.cnn.com
/2020/06/22/business/virgin-galactic-astronauts-nasa/index.html
Name of Government Department or agency or Name of Organization. (Year of Publication). Title of
document: Subtitle if given (edition if given and is not first edition). Publisher Name. URL
Defense Intelligence Agency. (2019). Challenges to space security. https://www.dia.mil/Portals/27/Documents
/News/Military%20Power%20Publications/Space_Threat_V14_020119_sm.pdf
Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year of Publication). Title of article: Subtitle if any.
Name of Agency or Organization. URL
Hammes, T. X. (2020). An affordable defense of Asia. Atlantic Council. https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content
Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year webpage was last updated/published, Month
Day if given). Title of page: Subtitle (if any). Website name. URL
Martin Lillie, C. M. (2017, January 17). How to break the busy cycle. Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org
/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/how-to-break-the-busy-cycle/art-20269953
Group/Organization's Name. (Year webpage was updated/published, Month Day if given). Title of
page: Subtitle (if any). URL
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020, June 25). Your health:Y Older adults. https://www.cdc.gov
/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/older-adults.html
Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year, Month, Day). Title of speech [Speech audio
recording]. Name of Website. URL
King, M. L., Jr. (1963, August 28). I have a dream [Speech audio recording]. American Rhetoric.
https://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/mlkihaveadream.htm
Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year of transcription). Title of speech [Speech
transcript]. Name of Website. URL (Original work published year)
MacArthur, D. (2008). "Old soldiers" never die address by Gen. Douglas MacArthur to Congress [Speech
transcript]. American Rhetoric. https://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/PDFFiles
/William%20Jennings%20Bryan%20-%20Imperialism.pdf (Original work published 1951)
Artist or Author Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year). Title of the artwork or image [Format]. Name of
Website or Location. URL
Rod, E. (2019). Mouse kidney section [Online image]. Wikimedia Commons. https://commons.wikimedia.org
